Striving for a First Class Restaurant Experience

No matter what type of business you have it is imperative to command a well educated staff who understands the importance of service excellence with every last interaction with the customer. Service excellence as it relates to the restaurant industry is a requirement since there are so many areas in which perfection is an expectation of the experience.These areas include but are not limited to customer service, education and appearance of your staff; as a subset this must include a certain level of enthusiasms, and always meeting and exceeding customer expectations. This is not limited to face to face interactions but it also includes the appearance of the establishment, the quality of the food, and the hygiene used to prepare the selections. It doesn’t matter how flashy your ads are, or how attractive your staff appears if the customer leaves feeling unfulfilled at the end of the experience.â€Å"†¦there are some basic truths about service. First, it’s always def ined from a customer’s perspective, never from ours.† (http://waiterbell.wordpress.com/2006/05/17/article-service-the-real-product-of-your-restaurant-you-know-it-so-do-your-customers/) This statement couldn’t drive home the point any more clearly. That is why it is so essential to train all staff employees in a consistent and engaging manor, while giving them some ownership of the corporate mission, and philosophy. It has become to regular of a process in this day and age of fast food giants, to want the customer in and out of the establishment as soon as possible with no regard to there lasting impression of the service.To mention a few chains, that I personally find less than delectable, such as the infamous McDonald’s who has allowed the quality of their food slip along with the comprehension of their employees. So much for service with a smile, most times you will find a miserable individual behind the counter with a distinct lack of enthusiasm waiting for their shift to be over.On the other end of the spectrum you find establishments such as The Cheese Cake Factory where service excellence is reflected through there training allowances. â€Å"†¦The firm spends an average of $2,000 on training per hourly worker each year. Everyone within the organization benefits from training and development initiatives.† They have truly set up policies to live by, which gages their turn over rate as a return on there investment. They are about fifteen percent below industry standards which currently hovers around 106% turnover.The key to having motivated employees and helping them to understand that they are part of something bigger comes first with the managers recruited. â€Å"†¦Most managers think that employees are motivated solely by money. But research shows that intangible items — such as appreciation for doing a good job, open communication and involvement in decision-making — often play a more crucial ro le in employee motivation.  These non monetary recognitions help to promote confidence, and ownership in the company as it relates to on going service expectations. In order for people to improve or get better at there jobs they must have regular feedback as to a â€Å"job well done† or needed improvement in certain areas. From a managers perspective it comes down to the definition of clinical insanity â€Å"doing the same thing and expecting different results.† A good manager knows how to motivate their employees, and will recognize opportunities to get different personality types to open up, and perform at their best.Involvement in decision making policies is another way to motivate employees, giving them an active role in when changing corporate infrastructure, makes them feel as if their opinion matters. Not only will most people with ambition jump at the change to take on additional responsibility but it will also create a forum to recognize other management abi lities already with in the organization.This forum will also allow for individuals to communicate openly with regards to there feelings about management, and where improvements could be made to the entire system. It easy for the â€Å"higher ups† to get disconnected with the flow of day to day operations, and for them to loose contact with there ever changing customer, with ever changing needs. Keeping an active pulse on these issues will allow for efficient adjustments to these changes, and a distinct competitive advantage.When talking about learning curves and on going education it is important to work with every individual inside of the organization, from the cooks to the managers. The frequency of the training sessions is a delicate line that must be addressed carefully. It is important to take the staffs availability, relevant changes to corporate processes, along with varying levels of learning abilities into consideration when outlining the training schedule.These fact ors are important because you do not want to spend to much time training those who already understand, while neglecting those that may require more a more detailed explanation. â€Å"Waiters, waitresses, chefs, and fast-food workers demonstrating potential for handling increased responsibility sometimes advance to assistant manager or management trainee jobs. Executive chefs need extensive experience working as chefs, and general managers need experience as assistant managers.†This is especially true for established businesses that need to keep the same quality expected from the presentation, to the ingredients. It is very easy to look towards cutting corners, and saving pennies when sales decrease, or when operating cost rise. This is more of a question when, and having strategies in force to circumvent these changes allow for longevity, and continued success.For this success to continue the training systems, and corporate philosophy must have exceeding expectations build in to the employees requirements.â€Å"THE contented woman, savoring Marko’s warm bread, stopped in mid-bite, looked puzzled, turned to her tablemates and asked ‘Why didn't I ever know this restaurant was here?’†Awe invoking service is a difficult task to attain especially when the customers perception of these services is becoming more and more expected. If this same awe invoking service is seen on a regular basis, then steps must be taken to bring the â€Å"awe factor† up a degree as time passes. If a customer is used to outstanding service and that one time receives a less than stellar dining experience the repercussions could be staggering. Bad news travels ten times faster and farther than good news, and that hard earned reputations could go right out the door with that one instance.In closing knowing all the techniques to provide a professional level of service in the industry is not enough to keep the business running. It also requires a clear u nderstanding of the foundations of good service and developing the staff and management to best to fit in the restaurant, and the customer. The key is to maintaining the most professional service of any kind and learning the consequences of not having the power of good service.

Jim Morrison as the Byronic Hero

In this paper I’m going to describe in what way Jim Morrison projects the majority of the characteristics of the Byronic Hero. In the first hand, I need to make a clear and consistent statement concerning the most typical features of the conventional Byronic Hero. Thorsley, the influential researcher of the Romanticism, gives the following account of the Byronic Hero: â€Å"†¦the Byronic Hero is the one protagonist who in stature and in temperament best represents the [heroic] tradition in England. † The image of the Byronic Hero is surprisingly controversial. He is usually disapproved and disregarded by the larger part of the society.Thorsley notes that, â€Å"with the loss of his titanic passions, his pride, and his certainty of self-identity, he loses also his status as hero. † Now let me list the typical features of a typical Childe Harold successor and analyze to what extent a specific feature applies to the charismatic personality of James Douglas Morr ison. In order to do it, I’m going to analyze his biography and some characteristics of his personality and musical heritage. The Byronic Hero is an extraordinary and talented young man. The tremendous success of Jim Morrison leaves no doubt in his enormous talent and energy.I dare say he was a genius for the ample reason that if we speak about the overall history of contemporary music, we should remember only two names, the Beatles and the Doors, and the Doors in the first place. Secondly, the Byronic Hero is rebellious and opposes almost all social laws and norms. He deliberately distances himself from the social institutions. This feature was characteristic of Jim Morrison from the early childhood and youth. He used to question authority and for that he was dismissed from the scout club. At night, he used to leave home secretly and go to crowded and disreputable bars.His juvenile misbehaving soon evolved into a consistent social protest expressed trough music and show. Phi losophies of Protest was his favorite course in Florida State University. He rejected social institution, and we find evidence for it in the fact that he had never been married. Instead, he â€Å"married† Patricia Kennealy in a Celtic pagan ceremony. The Byronic Hero is never impressed by rank and privilege though he may possess it. Jim Morrison might have become a representative of the â€Å"golden youth† with good education, good job and stable social position. But his choice was in favour of the flamboyant bohemian lifestyle.Another feature worth mentioning is intelligence. The conventional Byronic Hero is well-red and possibly well-bread. Jim Morrison took a keen interest in self-education; he devoted time to reading Nietzsche, Jung, Ginsberg, Joyce and Balzac. He derived inspiration in the writing of French symbolists, especially Rimbaud. It’s very interesting to observe that Arthur Rimbaud himself was an exemplary Byronic Hero, with his dark passions and i mpressive talents. By the age of fifteen, Jim was a gifted poet and painter; some sources argue that Jim Morrison had an IQ of 149.He has got good education and seen the world. This again proves that Jim Morrison projects the predominant majority of the features of the Byronic Hero. Another indicator of the Byronic Hero is the exile, usually imposed by the young men himself. Paris exile is an essential part of Jim Morrison’s biography. Jim escaped to Paris with Pamela Courson. He did so because he disliked being treated as a celebrity. He was unsatisfied with the absence of seriousness with which he was treated as an American poet. Paris seemed to provide an asylum. The Byronic Hero is continually depressed and melancholy.It’s reported that in Paris Jim searched for a sense of life and a sense himself in the world as well as for inspiration to create impressive poetry. But even in the city of great poets Jim was constantly uninspired and severely depressed. The Byronic Hero is unusually handsome and inextricably attractive, often to both sexes. I dare label Jim Morrison as the most prominent male sex-symbol of the 20th century. The Childe Harold successor is isolated and self-reliant. Although Morrison was passionate with woman, he never sometimes rejected people at all.While studying at the university, Jim lived in a house with five other students. Soon, due to his same heckling shenanigans, his roommates asked him to move out. This scenario repeated several time during Morrison’s life career. Thorsley finds a great definition of the Byronic Hero, and Jim Morrison perfectly fits it. The researcher writes that the Hero is â€Å"larger than life,† in his feelings, talent, ambition and pride. The Byronic Hero is self-destructive in the longer run. That’s the most substantial argument in proving Jim Morrison connection with the discussed image.His addiction to alcohol and drugs that progressed during the course of his life was h is titanic passion. Finally, he is believed to have died from drug overdose. He abused large quantity of heroin without knowing what exact drug it was. The consequences were easy to foresee. The ingestion of such a large quantity of a drug he had never used before caused a shock and the heart attack. Another version suggests that he did it deliberately, and the case was a typical example of a suicide. Anyway, Morrison, as a typical Byronic Hero, is a master of his own life and death.Another quality of the Byronic Hero is the ability to stay forever young. Jim Morrison died at the age of 27. Those, whom Gods love, die young. The only counter-evidence I was able to discover, is the fact that the conventional Byronic Hero is distressed by a terrible thing he committed in the past; has a hidden curse or crime. This burden forces him into a voluntary exile. We can’t say that Morrison was constantly followed by the memories of his past. His only serious and continuous crime was con nected to drug abuse, but that was typical of him during all the lifetime.But I can minimize the importance of this evidence. When he escaped to Paris, he faced a tragic dilemma in his life. His two soul-mates, Pamela Courson and Patricia Kennealy, both demanded his love. Many say that his devotion to Patricia Kennealy was greater, but Pamela let him continue his experiments with alcohol and drugs. He may have always felt guilt and regret for leaving Patricia. I consider that this essay proves with essential argumentation and evidence that Jim Morrison projects almost all the features of the Byronic Hero.James Douglas Morrison was charismatic and talented, attractive and handsome, melancholy and drug-addicted, self-destructive and often isolated. He experienced exile, guilt and depression. So I strongly deem that there are substantial grounds to state that Jim Morrison projects almost all the characteristic of the conventional Byronic Hero. Sources: Stephen Davis, Jim Morrison: Life , Death, Legend, Gotham Books, 2004. James Riordan, Jerry Prochinichy, Break on Through: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison, Perennial Currents, 1992. Peter L. Thorslev, Romantic Contraries: Freedom Versus Destiny, Yale Univ Pr. , 1984.

A Study Survey on Home Building Industry

This paper will briefly explore how recent economic indicators such as record low interest rates for mortgages and housing starts should motivate house builders to strategize for continued economic growth. At this time while the housing bubble has not burst, it is important for such companies to focus on strategy in order to remain competitive when the bubble does burst. This type of boom in originations has spawned tremendous economic growth with regards to employment rates, re-urbanization, new home building, consumer spending and confidence and made hundreds of billions of dollars for the players involved. The housing boom kept this country afloat during the darkest moments after September 11, 2001 when other industries like travel, hospitality, entertainment, energy and telecommunications seemed uncertain. One can argue that such a relationship is cyclical; what comes around goes around in the manner of economic trends such as recession and depression but this is not the case with this correlation. People will always need housing. Below are strategies housing providers can implement to continue stimulating growth. Bennett Hecht writes that economic strategies for housing begins on the local level. He writes, â€Å"Housing development is a site-specific, self-sufficiency strategy designed to help developers create jobs and other income-generating opportunities for residents of their properties† (p. 1). This economic development strategy is founded on four objectives: (1)Decrease Cash Outflows from Housing Developments. Whenever possible, developers should purchase goods and services from sources within their housing developments, instead of â€Å"importing† them from other communities. This promotes local growth and activity. (2)Better Use of Space. Housing developers should use available space to sponsor the delivery of much needed services or facilities, such as child care, GED classes, or a convenience store. (3)Increase Cash Inflows. Nonprofit developers should also use available space to increase income to the property and residents by leasing space to paying commercial tenants, by entering into profit-sharing ventures with commercial tenants, or by providing services and products to outsiders. (4)Build Contracting Capacity. The ability to increase cash inflows is directly related to the ability of businesses to compete for work outside of the housing developments. By controlling the awarding of contracts, the developer can â€Å"incubate businesses† by awarding work to residents over a period of time until they can develop the work and contract management experience to, among other things, secure bonding necessary to compete for larger contracts. The beauty of these objectives is that they can be implemented at both the urban and suburban levels. In this respect all parties benefit from the strategy during a time when many housing companies are not planning for the future but riding out the wave of present economic growth.

Communication 270 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication 270 - Essay Example The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism reveals shocking statistics of on the increase in the number of deaths, serous injuries, physical and sexual assaults and drain development problems associated with underage drinking from kids as young as 12 years. As such, it is prudent to let the public know the truth about the consequences of maintaining the drinking age at 21 and the benefits and risks of legalizing drinking age at 18 years. The introduction of almost any changes in any sector is faced with controversy. People want to enjoy the benefits of the positive side of maintaining the drinking age at 21 years while criticize the negative effects despite they being two sides of the same coin. Keeping the drinking age at 21 years helps students concentrate with their studies as opposed to partying with alcohol all weekends. Furthermore, underage drinking expose children financial burdens which leads teenagers to crime and prostitution in order to finance their habits. Postponing drinking has direct health benefits as alcohol consumption causes liver and cancer problems. However, people cannot ignore the negative side which is sneaking outside and drinking the alcohol in unhygienic areas which expose the teenagers to major evils in the society. Furthermore, teenager who drink are required to part with a premium amount for alcoholic since a third party has to buy for them. This increases the financial burden on the teenager and may get involved in evil things to survive. 2. Focus: This research will focus on recent research on drinking age and discuss the main issues on the government restrictions on drinking age. It will also analyze both the pros and cons of having the drinking age at 21 years. At the end, I will draw conclusion and recommendations on the most prudent way to go on this issue. Self-control in teenagers is very low at 18 but improves by the time they are

Searches and Seizures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Searches and Seizures - Essay Example A search usually occurs when an expectation of privacy that is considered by the society as reasonable is infringed by a government employee. A seizure is the interference of the possessory interest in property of a person. The Fourth Amendment protects a person against any search and seizure which that violates their reasonable expectation of privacy (LaFave, 2004). A reasonable expectation of privacy exists if one expects privacy and if the expectation is thought to be legitimate by the entire society. The Fourth Amendment Mary Ellis was awakened on Saturday morning and finds her neighbor Mr. Clyde Stevens lying unresponsive on the floor. She calls 911 and the police and EMS personnel arrived minutes later and Mr. Stevens is pronounced dead from a large butcher knife in his back. Crime scene investigators then started investigating William’s bedroom as the crime scene without any search warrant. The investigations started shortly after the arrival of the police officers. The investigators took charge of the investigation and conducted an exhaustive warrantless search on the Mary Ellis apartment which included development of blood fingerprint, photographing the print and recovery of a blood sample of William for a DNA analysis. The Fourth Amendment prohibits any government official from searching a home without any warrant which must include specific information like the name and address of the person. The Fourth Amendment requires all searches and seizures to be reasonable. If the search and seizure are declared unreasonable, then the police cannot use the evidence obtained from the search and seizure in criminal trials. Warrants are issues under a probable cause which should be supported by Oath or Affirmation which describes the place to be searched and the persons and things that need to be seized (Chamelin, 2003). A judge can only find a probable cause though the examination of the totality of all the circumstances presented. However, the police ca n enter a private residence without a warrant if an officer enters a building or a place of residence to assist in any form of emergency if the officer receives consent to search the residence without a warrant, if an officer has placed the person under arrest and if the search is administrative in nature which is done for the purposes of law reinforcement. The police can also enter a private residence without a warrant if they suspect that the house harbors a person carrying or in control of firearms illegally and are not in proper control of the arm and may injure or kill a person as a result of their mental condition (LaFave, 2004). They also enter a private residence without a warrant if they have a reasonable ground to suspect a firearm offence if the house contains illegal drugs and if someone in the house is at large after escaping from prison. The legal rights of the police to access the Ellis household The search done on Ellis household is not constitutionally permissibl

Shortage of skill staff in aviation industory in UAE Essay

Shortage of skill staff in aviation industory in UAE - Essay Example It has opened new ways for many new airline companies to step up in the field. As there are much new aviation industries presently working in the Gulf region, it has also led to the shortage of skilled qualified staff in the industry. Inflation has not only affected the aviation sector, but also the housing, schooling and living sector. A change of almost 40-1000% was recorded in the housing and rent sector, and this was not only limited to the residential areas, but also to the commercial sector. And as far as the schooling sector is concerned, an increase of almost 15% was recorded, compared to the last year's school fees. And due to a massive increase in all these sectors, an increase in the cost of living was also recorded, to around 40%. This article describes the needs of human being in the present time. Facilities, new technologies, leisure that they are getting used to, the amount of dependency that they've on machines, rather than using and improving their own skills. People have adopted computers, mobile phones, air conditioners and other such things as a necessity item rather than a luxury item, and getting habitual to them. Due to which the amount of their spending expenditures exceeds their income, and as the people are finding it hard to leave all these comforts, they're surrounded with problems. Another factor which is contributing to all these problems is "inflation". It is creating problems for everyone. It is forcing the people to reduce their standard of living, and the range of their high quality life. In many industries, inflation has more impact on the lives of their employees than a few others. They've low incomes and are provided with only few facilities compared to other industries. Thus, allowin g them to choose other options, with more income and facilities, and a better standard of living. This article would further recommend steps to facilitate the problems faced by the aviation industry. Currently, the aviation industry is going through a difficult phase. Some major problems faced by the aviation industry are the increasing Cost of living, the cost of Accommodation, the cost of Schooling and the shortage of skilled staff. The drawbacks of all these problems are major, and we've to find a solution to these problems. 1.2 - OBJECTIVES The main objective of this article is to provide solutions to the problems mentioned in the "Aim" section. One of the most important moves that an aviation industry should make is increase the salary of their staff, so that they could meet up their personal expenses and are not worried, as it'll enable them to work more efficiently and the output would be quality work. The aviation industry should also provide their employees with facilities such as free fuel, free accommodation, free schooling, free training and other incentives to attract more qualified and skilled workers to their industry to meet up the shortage and demand of skilled staff in the industry. The industry should also help their staff out with their problems, and give them allowances. Another thing that aviation industry should do is provide a friendly working environment, so that every one feels comfortable and welcomed in the industry. 1.3 - Background The beginning of civil aviation in U.A.E was taken about in 1935, when aerodromes were generated. In

Enough Money, a Room and an Androgynous Mind of Ones Own Essay

Enough Money, a Room and an Androgynous Mind of Ones Own - Essay Example This was why there has been no substantial tradition of women writers. Woolf pays tribute to the women writers of the past, who had to surmount infinite obstacles and insults, and who, in doing so, made the way so much smoother for the women writers who came after them. Woolf acknowledges that things are changing, and that even more significant changes are in the offing. However, influential men like Mr Oscar Browning still make pronouncements such as "the best woman [is] intellectually the inferior of the worst man." She shrewdly analyzes such remarks to be the consequence of man's insecurity when challenged by modern woman's demands for 'equality.' Woolf herself subscribes to a more balanced point of view, expressed in the last section of the book: All this pitting of sex against sex . . . all this claiming of superiority and imputing of inferiority, belong to the private-school stage of human existence where there are 'sides', and it is necessary for one side to beat another side . . .. As people mature they cease to believe in sides . . . Men and women as individuals can attain heights of creative achievement only when the masculine and the feminine parts of their personality are in harmony, as was the case with Shakespeare.

Giorgio Armani Brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Giorgio Armani Brand - Essay Example According to the paper the brand’s marketing strategy has been effective, as it has been marketed to emerging markets like China, where there is a strong uptake for premium, luxury fashion products. This paper will discuss the brand architecture of Giorgio Armani, and present a brand extension model. Detailed findings SWOT Analysis for Giorgio Armani Strengths The brand’s personality-based and uniquely designed products, which are among the best, globally The brand’s unique design, which helps differentiate it from competitors The characteristic feature of the clothes and apparel, which are hand stitched compared to the ordinary machine-stitched products The brand’s presence among international sports players and teams These areas identify the policies and the formulas employed for the brand which gives it an edge in brand positioning and recognition. Giorgio Armani has a ready-to-wear and a couture line, which increases their presence among average income consumers. From this study it is clear that weaknesses of Brand PETA activists do not support the outlook of the brand, which resulted in the development of a negative image The brand’s limited global market presence, compared to other global apparel brands Opportunity of Brand The brand’s coverage can be extended to cover the bottom of the market pyramid A larger part of the workforce is young, which increases their capacity to explore and design attractive and powerful products The brand’s ability to expand globally and to penetrate through tie-ups and the launch of new brand stores globally Threats The brand’s dominant coverage of a small upper-premium class market segment The brands slow uptake in picking up on life style brand The brand’s duplicity: fake products of the brand are traded at very low prices, in the lower market segments Giorgio Armani’s brand position Unlike the usual branding processes employed by entrepreneurs in the c onsumer products industry, the fashion and luxury branding of Giorgio Armani is highly personality-based and unique. The designs of the brand are founded on the founder’s personality. This is evident from the critical role of design in the fashion and luxury apparel positioning of the brand. The personal style of Giorgio Armani is crucial in the development and the marketing of the brand. The designer’s style is grounded on product differentiation, which is communicated in a tangible and visual manner. Brand’s Target Audience The target audience of the Giorgio Armani brand includes men and women. The products offered within the different lines for men include shoes, clothes, watches, eyewear, fragrances and home furnishings. The products offered to female consumers include shoes, clothing, bags, eyewear, cosmetics and home furnishings.  

Consulting Project Plan Part One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consulting Project Plan Part One - Essay Example With the existence of such a problem, employees are forced to operate in a dissatisfying working environment hence the low morale. Team support and teamwork are two crucial factors that employees require in order to function effectively in their respective team groups. The assurance that employees can be able to rely on their teammates in case they face various challenges at the workplace is very satisfying. Cooperative and mindful employees provide a supportive team and a satisfying environment which eventually enhances employee morale. What is causing and maintaining the problem of non-supportive teams amongst Walmart employees is poor feedback and communication channels. Given the complexity of Walmart as ca company, communication gateways have been compromised. Employees are required to engage in multiple operations yet information is not properly relayed to enable them take specific action. It is very common for some team members to receive information without the knowledge of their colleagues. As a result, some tasks are left unattended to. As much as these employees are dedicating their time and energy to ensure tasks are completed on time, at the end of the day they realize that very little has been accomplished. Moreover, they do not receive feedback on time to give them enough time to execute their functions. Team leaders are further maintaining this problem by failure to coordinate team activities as expected. They do not have mechanisms through which they can monitor and evaluate the progress of employees. They also do not regard the importance of understanding individual employees and the circumstances under which they perform most effectively. The technical problem is low productivity that directly affects the process of providing customers with quality services. If employees have a low morale, they will be non-productive. This in a way is holding back Walmart from achieving its full potential. It could be the

Middterm essY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Middterm essY - Essay Example With regards to the exemplification of the first economic principle, consumer choice, this can relatively be defined in terms of the fact that the consumer continually wants more than he/she can provide. In essence, a desire exist within the current market for French fries; even though it is true that this food is very harmful to the health and weight of the individual in question. Yet as a clear and evident outgrowth of the fact that consumer demands know no bounds, the article references the fact that a clear and unmet demand exists for â€Å"low fat† French fries; something that none of the main fast food chains have moved towards supplying to the market. In this way, the article goes on to explain how Burger King seeks to lead the market by providing what consumers have been demanding. It is likely to assume that the move by Burger King to fill this shortage in supply of a commodity that consumers have actively been seeking will provide a level of profitability that other firms operating within the same markets have not had the presence of mind to fulfill (O’Connor 1). An additional economic principle that is referenced within the article in question is with regards to the fact that the consequences of consumer choice of live in the future. Whereas it is unfair to state that this economic principle has not been appreciated within the past, it can necessarily be seen could be more relevant with regards to the current situation and the way in which consumers are unequivocally more concerned with regards to the health and safety of the food products that they consume. Recent levels of environmentalism and the focus upon organic foods has led consumers to demand high-quality with regards to products they regularly integrate with. Likewise, seeking to tie this back in with the economic principle of the consequences lying in the future, the reader can easily discern the fact that continuing to assume French fries that are high in fat ultimately has a detrimental impact with regards to the future health and longevity of the individual in question. Within such a way, Burger King has leverage this understanding and seeks to utilize this level of forethought and planning as a means of selling an entirely new product; likely at a slightly higher rate than be alternatively less healthful traditional fries. Although the examples that have thus far been pointed out may seem as somewhat trite, the fact of the matter is that firms such as Burger King are intimately aware of the decision making structure and impetus that encourages the consumer to integrate with their product. In this way, seeking to understand these environmental factors and the recent push towards engaging anymore healthful lifestyle, firms are ultimately faced with two decisions. They can either continue to offer the product that they have offered in the past, to a great deal of commercial success, or they

Movie Review Stranger than Paradise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Movie Review Stranger than Paradise - Essay Example They gave birth tÐ ¾ many Ð ¾ther artistic mÐ ¾vements influencing talented peÐ ¾ple and inspired them tÐ ¾ create the real masterpieces. MÐ ¾re recently, artistic styles barely last a decade since the speed Ð ¾f develÐ ¾pment and grÐ ¾wth Ð ¾f a persÐ ¾n as well as the sÐ ¾ciety as a whÐ ¾le is much bigger than it was many centuries agÐ ¾. MÐ ¾dernity and alternative art became the cÐ ¾ncept that have generated the mÐ ¾st challenging questiÐ ¾ns abÐ ¾ut art in the twentieth century since â€Å"traditiÐ ¾nal† fÐ ¾rms Ð ¾f art, literature, filmmaking and architecture were cÐ ¾nsidered Ð ¾utdated by the mÐ ¾dern artists in the emerging industrialized wÐ ¾rld (О'CÐ ¾nnÐ ¾r, 1967). Any fÐ ¾rm Ð ¾f artistic activity creating its system Ð ¾f fÐ ¾rms, techniques, terminÐ ¾lÐ ¾gy, aesthetic effects, mÐ ¾vements and schÐ ¾Ã ¾ls never fÐ ¾rgets abÐ ¾ut its past. Twentieth century represents the mÐ ¾st impressive and unfÐ ¾rgettable artists and their art wÐ ¾rks as this periÐ ¾d Ð ¾f time cÐ ¾vers many different art mÐ ¾vements, amÐ ¾ng which are cubism, surrealism, suprematism, pÐ ¾p art, actiÐ ¾n painting, dada, avant-garde, essentialist feminism, sÐ ¾cial cÐ ¾nstructivist feminism and many Ð ¾thers. HistÐ ¾rical plÐ ¾ts full Ð ¾f herÐ ¾ism and pathetic elements were extraneÐ ¾us fÐ ¾r the artists frÐ ¾m thÐ ¾se mÐ ¾vements. ... PrÐ ¾ducers refused frÐ ¾m the traditiÐ ¾ns Ð ¾f classical filmmaking, preferred tÐ ¾ give the dÐ ¾minant rÐ ¾le tÐ ¾ the subjective Ð ¾rigin and made fÐ ¾rm be prevalent Ð ¾ver substance. Independent filmmakers are nÐ ¾t interested tÐ ¾ create films that lÐ ¾Ã ¾k real Ð ¾r understandable. It is mÐ ¾re impÐ ¾rtant tÐ ¾ express the feelings and emÐ ¾tiÐ ¾ns Ð ¾f the prÐ ¾ducer as well as his characters. In Ð ¾rder tÐ ¾ dÐ ¾ it, the prÐ ¾ducer becÐ ¾mes part Ð ¾f the film in the prÐ ¾cess Ð ¾f its creatiÐ ¾n. "Stranger than Paradise" by Jim Jarmusch belÐ ¾ngs tÐ ¾ independent films that usually differ nÐ ¾ticeably frÐ ¾m mÐ ¾st mass marketed films being prÐ ¾duced by majÐ ¾r film studiÐ ¾s. PersÐ ¾nal artistic visiÐ ¾n Ð ¾f Jarmusch is realized in the cÐ ¾ntent and style Ð ¾f the mÐ ¾vie. As an independent filmmaker Jim Jarmusch refused frÐ ¾m the traditiÐ ¾nal means Ð ¾f filmmaking and uses film wÐ ¾rks tÐ ¾ express his inner feelings , the state Ð ¾f his Ð ¾wn psyche and attitude tÐ ¾wards the external surrÐ ¾undings. BefÐ ¾re analyzing the film "Stranger than Paradise" by Jim Jarmusch, it is impÐ ¾rtant tÐ ¾ discuss the art tendencies Ð ¾f the twentieth century as the basis fÐ ¾r independent and alternative filmmaking, the main purpÐ ¾se Ð ¾f which is tÐ ¾ gÐ ¾ beyÐ ¾nd the traditiÐ ¾nal and classic art. PÐ ¾p Art and Avant-Garde in the Twentieth Century MÐ ¾dernity Ð ¾f the twentieth century represented a crisis fÐ ¾r the traditiÐ ¾nal art and ways Ð ¾f life, which have been replaced with uncÐ ¾ntrÐ ¾llable change, unusual experiences and unmanageable alternatives (WillsÐ ¾n, 1997). The rejectiÐ ¾n Ð ¾f traditiÐ ¾n was and remains the main cÐ ¾ntrÐ ¾versial aspect Ð ¾f the mÐ ¾dernism. The artwÐ ¾rks they

How to Teach Something Essay Example for Free

How to Teach Something Essay During the week I taught my father how to play rock band he learn how to play the drums on easy and medium level. It was fun teaching him he caught on easily and he got a really high scores and it was a great experience. I taught this skill to my dad because it’s something that my little sister and I like to do and it would be fun to do together. I also taught this skill because my dad and I don’t do a lot of things together and this would just be another great thing to do together! I chose my dad because he likes learning new things. He also likes have fun! So I thought this skill would make him really happy. He also wanted to learn how to play this game but we never had it and then I got it for Christmas. So I asked him if he still wanted to learn how to play it and he said yes. After I asked him he was so excited. It was really nice to see him happy. At the beginning of the lesson, things started off nice we both got a little frustrated at another but after the first game he started getting the hang of it and kind of started to get the concept. He really enjoyed the first game. And we had a lot of laughs. But then we got on the real levels and it started to confuse him a little. But after ten minutes I explained it a little more and he got it. In the middle of the lesson, my father was on a roll and I kept on switching the song because each song could be a little more difficult. And it was hard for at some points and then we took it a little slower and he started to get the hang of it more and more each time it! It was awesome to see how good he was getting. After the lesson was over, my dad learned how to play like an expert! On medium and easy level! I had such a great time teaching my dad and in the end it’s going towards great use because now I can do a lot more things with him at hope. In the end of everything seeing my dad really happy with his accomplishment and seeing that he wanted to learn to be with me more was the icing on the cake!

Analysis of Risk

Analysis of Risk The aim of this essay is to introduce the aspect of risk and some highlighting on the theories that support this aspect of risk assessment and will briefly discuss existing risk assessment schedules and at the end it will critically analyze national and local reports related to risk assessment (Faisal). Royal Society (1983) states that, risk assessment which axiom as the probability that a particular adverse event occurs and social services has been concerned predominate with risk assessment to prevent harm. They may also suffer further if they have to deal with seeing their perpetrator on a regular basis, and may be subject to further assaults in retaliation of their initial complaint. In addition to the risks to existing victims, poor responses may result in increasing numbers of people being abused. The Oxford Dictionary define risk as meaning a hazard, a dangerous, exposure to mischance or peril, as verb it also similar which means hazard, to danger, to expose to the chance of injury or loss( Parsloe, 2005). Risk is closely linked to dangerousness, resulting in harm which seems to be agreed means harm to self or others and extend of harm which constitutes a risk in various situations especially adult with learning disabilities. Every human being becomes vulnerable during their lifetime for many of reasons they all respond differently to events that happen to them because of who they are and the lack of support that they have around them (Jacki, 2001). People with learning disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups in the society (Department of Health 2001). Learning disabilities may be more at risk not only because their own difficulties in understanding or communication but also because of the way they receive services and the fact that they may be actively targeted or taken advantages (Jean and Anthea, 1997). Increasingly responding to the risks of others, preventing risks to vulnerable adults or running risks to themselves is all in days work for the busy practitioners and manager in the field of social care (Brearley, 1982). Any criminal offence which is perceived to be motivated because of a persons disability or perceived disability, by the victim or any other person. [Association of Chief Police Officers]. According to Home Office Any incident, this constitutes a criminal offence, which is perceived by the victim or any other person as being motivated by prejudice or hate. People with learning disabilities are subject to risk all time due to their vulnerability they sometimes abused by those who have control over them or by those who realize that they are vulnerable because of their disabilities they often find it very much more difficult to assess risk the way most of social carer and services do (Vaughn and Fuchs, 2003). However, take risks because they feel vulnerable to a point approaching hopelessness (Fischhoff et al., 2000). In either case, these perceptions can prompt adults to make poor decisions that can put them at risk and leave them vulnerable to physical or psychological harm that may have a negative impact on their long-term health and viability. According to Kemshall and Pritchard (2001) states that, there has been much debate about a welfare model or a criminal justice model should be adopted. In order to fully appreciate the process of risk assessment, here identify the one of particular serous case review murder of Steven Hoskin after the recent death 39years young man who has been dead by numbers people. Adults vulnerable protection systems are likely to come under close scrutiny (Jacki, 2001). Steven Hoskin had learning disabilities and he was 39 young man who was been killed and his body was found at the base of the St Austell railway viaduct on 6th of July 2006. Two principal perpetrators, Darren Stewart (aged 29 years) and Sarah Bullock (aged 16 years), and the manslaughter conviction of Martin Pollard (aged 21 years). Steven Hoskin was 39 years old. Born to a single woman who herself had a learning disability, Stevens learning disability became apparent in his early childhood. At 12 years of age he left a local prim ary school and became a weekly boarder at Pencalenick special school, returning to his mother (on the Lanhydrock Estate, outside Bodmin) at weekends. Steven did not read. After leaving school at 16, Steven was unable to secure employment and was admitted as an inpatient to Westheath House, an NHS Assessment and Treatment unit for people with learning disabilities and mental health problems. Although he remained there for 14 months, the therapeutic purpose of his stay is unknown. While at Westheath House, Steven participated in youth training activities in the Bodmin area. This was an unhappy time for Steven as he was victimised by the other trainees.'(ref) Stevens relationship with his mother deteriorated and ultimately became characterised by conflict and violent outbursts. In September 2003, Steven was charged and convicted with common assault and he was subject to a Probation Order. An Adult Protection Plan confirmed that Stevens mother should move.(ref) Even the initial meeting of the Serious Case Review Panel confirmed there was no lack of information about Steven and his circumstances and that with better inter-agency working; Steven Hoskin would have been spared the destructive impacts of unrestrained physical, financial and emotional abuse in his own home. While this knowledge cannot change, erase or soften what happened to Steven, it was an impetus for Cornwall Adult Protection Committee and its partner agencies to analyse what went so badly wrong. As uncomfortable as this process has been, it leads to learning, i.e. our purpose has not been one of judgement but of correction and improvement (Dixon 1999). It is important that adult protection is triggered when someone is believed to be at risk of harm/abuse and not only at the point where there is demonstrable evidence of harm. In order to conform to their obligations under human rights law, agencies have to be proactive in undertaking risk assessments (e.g. Monahan et al 2001) to ensure that preventive action is taken wherever practicable. The Disability Rights Commission (2005) confirmed that the health of people with learning disabilities is likely to be worse than that of other people, (even before taking into account specific health needs or disability related barriers to accessing health care), as they are likely to live in poverty and are exceptionally socially excluded. Young People and Adults have to look out for young people. They must be alert to the possibility that the same young people may be harming those more vulnerable than themselves (ref.). Valuing People (2001) identified Independence as a key principle and helpfully confirmed that: While peoples individual needs will differ, the starting presumption should be one of independence, rather than dependence, with public services providing the support needed to maximize this. Independence in this context does not mean doing everything unaided (p23). It is essential that health and social care services review the implications of acceding to peoples choice if the latter is not to be construed as abandonment (e.g. Flynn, Keywood and Fovargue 2003). Stevens murder has confirmed that the choices of adults with learning disabilities in relation to their health care decision-making (Flynn, Keywood and Fovargue, 2003). Valuing People (2001) defines choice as follows: `Like other people, people with learning disabilities want a real say in where they live, what work they should do and who looks after them. But for too many people with learning disabilities, these are currently unattainable goals. We believe that everyone should be able to make choices. This includes people with severe and profound disabilities who, with the right help and support, can make important choices and express preferences about their day to day lives. (p24). Protecting Vulnerable Adults, Valuing People states: `People with learning disabilities are entitled to at least the same level of support and intervention from abuse and harm as other citizens. This needs to be provided in a way that respects their own choices and decisions. (p 93) The difficulty for people with learning disabilities is that carers often do feel often they are expected to make these choices for them. The law of negligence can appear to inhibit decision making personal freedom and choice sit uncomfortably next to the concepts of duty of care and professional liability (Fuchs, 2003). The police reported Stevens circumstances in the months preceding his murder as follows: `Steven Hoskin had lost all control of his own life within his home. He had no say, choice or control over who stayed or visited the flat. He had no voice or influence over what happened within the premises. Darren Stewart had recognised the clear vulnerability of Steven Hoskin and had moved in on himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦he recognised the opportunity for accommodation and removed from Steven Hoskin the little ability he had to make his own choices and decisions. Darren Stewart was fully aware of Stevens vulnerability and learning difficulties and took advantage of those facts to control both Steven and the premises. Margaret (2007) identifies the following factors in what went wrong for Steven: Youths use Stevens bedsit to drink and take drugs where they steal his money and assault him. Steven cancels his weekly community care assistant service. Tortured after admitting their involvement in shoplifting. Assaulted, made to wear dog collar, cigarettes stubbed out on him .Forced to falsely confess to being paedophile and to swallow 70 painkillers. Marched to top of viaduct and forced over edge falls to his death. Safeguarding adults: To be vulnerable is to be in circumstances defined by the continuous possibility of harm or threat (e.g. Flynn 2005). No Secrets makes it clear that monitoring safety is a multi agency responsibility. The key to protecting and safeguarding vulnerable adults is sharing information, so any professional who comes into contact with a vulnerable adult should be able to determine immediately if, and when, other agencies are involved and has a duty to share concerns. There were no such consequences arising from the numerous instances when Steven and Darren came to the notice of NHS services or the police. Flynn (1989) confirmed that adults with learning disabilities living in their own tenancies were vulnerable to victimisation, most particularly in localities of hard to let tenancies; that these men and woman were wary and scared of young people; and that most experienced loneliness and isolation. Departments of Adult Social Care cannot be expected to look out for all citizens with learning disabilities without the resources to do so. Fair Access to Care criteria are known to be rendering more and more vulnerable adults ineligible for ongoing support (ref) It forcibly brings the commissioners and providers of health services and the police to the foreground. They were Darrens first port of call and, perhaps under his influence, they became Stevens as well. Stevens murder presses the case for ever-greater investment in partnership working in safeguarding adults (Perkins et al., 2007). The stated primary aim of No Secrets (2007) is to create a framework for action within which all responsible agencies work together to ensure a coherent policy for the protection of vulnerable adults at risk of abuse and a consistent and effective response to any circumstances giving ground for concern or formal complaints or expressions of anxiety. The agencies primary aim should be to prevent abuse where possible but, if the preventive strategy fails, agencies should ensure that robust procedures are in place for dealing with incidents of abuse.(p.) This statement clearly indicated that No Secrets was intended to encompass both a safeguarding preventative approach, in addition to an adult protection intervention one; although we would acknowledge that the intervention role has taken precedence in reality (ref.). Risks change constantly and people grow, change, and develop. It is important to review risk assessment regularly, and aim always to increase choice and freedom for the people with learning disability (Sellars, 2003 p.155). In considering the effectiveness of No Secrets as a mechanism to provide a level of intervention that could protect adults at risk of abuse, it would seem sensible to consider what has failed to work successfully within adult protection, whether such failures were a consequence of the nature of guidance or instead insufficient/inappropriate application of that guidance, and whether such failings could only be overcome by the introduction of legislation. An obvious mechanism that could be used as part of this evaluation process would be the consideration of Serious Case Reviews relating to adults.(ref). People may make an informed choice to accept a particular risk today, but circumstances and people change. A risk considered acceptable today, may be a problem tomorrow, and statutory agencies have a consequent responsibility to regularly monitor and respond to changing circumstances. Personalisation does not mean a statutory agency has permanently discharged its duty of care on the basis of an informed decision taken at a single point in time. This was a key point of the Serious Case Review into the death of Steven Hoskin, Steven wanted friends. He did not see that the friendship he had so prized was starkly exploitative, devoid of reciprocity and instrumental in obstructing his relationships with those who would have safeguarded him.'(ref.) Disability hate crime fails to recognise the duration of Stevens contact with his persecutors; the counterfeit friendship; the background to Stevens perilous disclosures to Darren; the joyless enslavement; or the motivations of all of his persecutors. Stevens murder has profound implications for the support of vulnerable adults in our communities. It challenges the principle, or dogma, of choice for adults who are apparently able; it unstitches some certainties about communities -their capacity to look out for others, their familiarity and permanence; and it requires us to question why the ever- tightening eligibility criteria of services are rendering very vulnerable men and women so unprotected. The fact that individuals in all agencies knew that Steven was a vulnerable adult did not prevent his torture and murder (ref). This does not imply that these agencies are without merits or strengths or that they are wholly culpable, but is intended to convey their acknowledgement of their individual and collective under-performance, and what has to change in the light of the magnitude of cruelty experienced by Steven (ref). There is the role of care providers in adult protection intervention work, how they are engaged in investigations, and what role commissioning has in the overall process. And the commissioning role can be crucial, as noted by the joint investigation into the Cornwall Partnership NHS Trust, which stated, The trust has blamed the three PCTs in Cornwall for failing to commission appropriate services for people with learning disabilities and, while this does not lessen the trusts culpability, the criticism is accurate. This is the other side of the coin; we are inclined to believe that it wont happen, even when the objective statistics suggest otherwise the difficulty that now exists for people with learning disabilities, especially those with greater disability, and those who care for and support them, is that the law specifies that many such people are vulnerable, and not able to make this choice for themselves (Daniel, 2003). The onus of assessing risk and making the decision therefore often rests with carers. Because it is such a difficult decision to make for someone else, carers often take the simple way out, and avoid letting situations arise where learning-disabled people in their care have the opportunity to develop sexual relationships: if a person cannot make an informed choice then perhaps it is easier not to offer them that choice (Lindsay 2004). This is the current dilemma for those who work in community care situations. According to David J. Thompson,(2000) the issue of sexual relationships is perhaps the most difficult and complex, but this problem of balancing risk and choice is a constant one for carers and professionals, in relation to many aspects of everyday life. In the background is the ogre of the law (and/or local management), ready to jump on the unwary, should they get it wrong. No wonder, perhaps that many are cautious about enabling such choices to be made. Get higher in the information of vulnerable adults referred to them for the reason that they are at risk of physical and sexual mistreatment, in addition to financial fraud, a study has found in Social services departments have seen (Simon, 1997. So where adult with learning disabilities have more complex problems, such as behaviour problem, mental illness, or others any physical or mental disorder they will need additional care and support to cope with their everyday lives (Hawks, 1998). Sometimes these problems impose additional risks, and these do need to taken into account when assessing and managing risks for each person/adult.

Mechanically agitated fermenters

Mechanically agitated fermenters Abstract Traditional mechanical agitation fermenters have dominated the industry since the antibiotic era as needs changed new fermenter designs were created. As a result air lift agitated fermenters were created and have many merits in comparison to mechanical agitation fermenters. In this essay we will go through both systems merits in regards to mixing, aeration, practicality and energy costs Introduction Agitators are mechanical instruments used to mix substances, Fermentation is an age old art in which organic substances are broken down and reassembled into other substances. Fermenters are large bioreactors in which fermentation occurs, fermenters are the instruments employed to manufacture economically viable biological products. Their basic function is to provide a controlled environment in order to achieve optimal growth and product formation of the particular biological product required. For biotech and pharmaceutical purposes the products from fermentation are microbial cells or biomass, enzymes, and microbial metabolites such as antibiotics and ethanol. The basic desired functional properties of all Fermenters are that they can create gas liquid interfaces without making foam a problem. They should sufficiently hold up dispersed phases and allow reasonable heat transfer. They should also be able to control bulk flow so no dead zones can form. In league with these functional re quirements they should be cheap, robust and have a simple mechanical design additionally they should have low power consumption and be easy to scale up. In this essay we will compare two different types of Fermenters, airlift Fermenters and mechanically agitated Fermenters. Both types of mixers within Fermenters results in the intermingling of two or more dissimilar portions of material resulting in the acquirement of either physical or chemical uniformity in the final product. In industrial fermentation reactions there is a basic requirement of substrate, organism, water and oxygen. Mixing within Fermenters usually causes equilibrium between, rate, purity and production yield. Mechanical agitators are used in traditional Fermenters for mixing they maintain optimum substrate biomass concentration everywhere, keeps solid suspended, disperse oxygen, and allow an upkeep of total bubble surface area and the recycling of air bubbles (figure 1). Mechanically agitated Fermenters Mechanically agitated Fermenters require a relatively high input of energy per unit volume. In these systems a large variety of impeller shapes and sizes are available to produce different flow patterns inside the Fermenter. The use of multiple impellers produces better mixing that works in addition with baffles that are normally used to reduce vortexing. Approximately 70-80% of the volume of stirred reactors is filled with liquid. Foaming may be a problem with this type of Fermenter. Foam breakers, may be necessary. It is better to use mechanical anti foamers over chemical anti foamers because the chemicals often reduce oxygen transfer rate. One of the limits of this system is the use of high speed impellers can damage and even destroy cells. Aspect ratios of these Fermenters vary over a wide range. For aeration to be increased a higher aspect ratio is needed (H/D rates). Increased aeration results in greater contact times between liquid and rising bubbles and produces hydrostatic p ressure at the bottom of the Fermenter. Bubble column /Air Lift Fermenters In these systems aeration and mixing are achieved by gas sparging. Gas is sparged only into the riser. Decreased liquid fluid density and gas accumulation cause the liquid in the riser to mover upwards. Gas disengages at the top of the vessel leaving heavier bubble-free liquid to recirculate through the downcomer. This process needs less energy than mechanical stirring. This mixing, method is used in the production of beer and bakers yeast. The advantages of this method over mechanical agitation are, lack of moving parts, low capital costs satisfactory mass and heat transfer. Air lifted Fermenters produce heterogeneous and homogenous medium flows. In heterogeneous flow, Bubbles and liquids tend to rise up in the center of the column while a corresponding down flow of liquid occurs near the walls. In Homogenous flow, bubbles rise with the same upward velocity with no back-mixing of the gas phase. Foaming may also be a problem with these Fermenters. There are two kinds of air lift Ferm enters internal loop and external loop Fermenters. Mixing is better in external loop Fermenters because the riser and downcomers are further apart in external loop vessels which cause the density difference between fluids in the downcomer and riser to be greater meaning circulation of the liquid vessel is faster due to fewer bubbles being carried to the downcomer. Airlift Fermenter are normally used for the culture of immobilized catalyst and the culture of plant and animal cells because of their low sheer level. Mixing Stirred Fermenters and air lifted Fermenters both offer adequate mixing and mass transfer. However when a large Fermenter is required (50-500M3) for a low viscosity medium air lift vessels may be a better choice due to their advantages. These being they are cheap to install and operate. When scale up is required large mechanical agitators are impractical as the power required to achieve adequate mixing becomes very high. Mechanical agitators are used for high viscosity cultures. Mass transfer rates decline at viscosities greater than 50-100 cP. Mechanical agitation creates much more heat than sparging of compressed gas. This can become a problem when the reaction temperature is high for example when trying to produce single celled proteins from methanol, removal of frictional stirrer heat can be problematic this is where air-lift agitation is preferred. Comparison In brief the conventional, stirred tank bioreactor has dominated the industry since its successful application in the antibiotic era and most fermentation processes today use Fermenters of this type because of this. However due to change in the industry in regards to products in demand. Such as the growth of hydrodomas cell and recombinant DNA technologies of genetically modified cells of plant, microbial and mammalian origin imposed new demands that traditional agitators could not provide at an economically viable level. For this reason new novel Fermenters where designed and put into use. The air lift Fermenter being one of them. The air lift Fermenter has no movable parts or motors the only power requirement comes from the air compressors that provide air through the sparging system. No mechanical agitation occurs, the air bubbles forced through the sparger cause induced turbulent liquid mixing and mass transfer in which mixing rates and aeration rates are coupled together. Their main advantage is low sheer and energy requirement along with aseptic seals not being required around the shaft which makes them highly suitable for producing single celled protein. Additionally in air lift Fermenters mixing is improved by the inclusion of a draught tube to impart a circulation loop which produces a higher oxygen mass coefficient (KLA). The Air lift Fermenters are ideal when there is need for gentle agitation. Whereas the conventional mechanical agitated Fermenters have a broader range of application but they have a poorly defined mixing pattern in comparison to airlift Fermenters. Additionally they cannot be aerated at a high enough rate due to impeller flooding. Practicality wise they have a long life, the mechanical agitation configuration has become too established in processes for new methodologies to replace them. It would be too expensive to do. Aeration To provide aeration into a vessel means to supply or expose the medium to the circulation of air. Airlifted Fermenters provide a much greater aeration than mechanical agitators as gas is constantly pumped into the medium and consequently causes fluid circulation. Aeration within a mechanically agitated Fermenter is controlled by the type of impeller and baffle system. For example Turbines, propellers and paddles are generally used in low viscosity systems and operate at high rotational speed inside the Fermenter. Turbines are normally used for dispersion of gases in liquids. There are many types angled-blade turbines and retreating-blade turbines, the rushton/inclined six blade impeller. Similarly for large vessels with high aspect ratios it is common practice to mount more than one impeller of the same shaft. Baffles are of particular importance as they prevent gross vortexing which is detrimental to mixing/ aeration they are normally fitted on the walls of a vessel. Practicality Depending on the product being produced in the Fermenter and the viscosity of the medium practicality of mechanical and airlift agitators differ. Mechanical agitators are very practical when it comes to mixing highly viscous non Newtonian mediums however the power for this can be very high and subsequently this increases the costs. Additionally the practicality of the Fermenter being used in regards to merits is determined by the type of product being produced, the microbiology of particular cell systems in use coupled with the morphology and nutritional requirements needed for optimal growth. The geometric configuration of the Fermenter play an important role. Effective mixing to minimise temperature, PH concentration gradient are very important particularly with mechanically agitated Fermenters especially when a process is scaled up. Additionally the viscosity of the medium plays an important role, does the medium behave in a Newton or non Newton manner is it a solid or liquid sta te fermentation. The sheering effect of a particular agitation system dictates whether sheer sensitive cells can be cultivated. All of this is taken into account keeping in mind what is best for economic performance. For example large mechanical agitators have better Practical use than air lift agitators for use with the following cell systems, these are immobilised Bacteria, yeast and plant cells and are used for the for the production of products such as ethanol, monoclonal antibodies, growth factors and medicinal products. This is because they can tolerate sheer at a level best for productivity. Resulting in large quantities of moderate quality products with good profit costs. Alternatively air lift agitators are generally used for the cell systems of bacteria yeast and other fungi producing products such as single celled proteins E.G. Quorn, enzymes, secondary metabolites and biosurfactants. This is because they are more economically practical due to them having low sheer values meaning they do not damage the cells, they have much lower running costs and they can produce higher value sheer sensitive GM pr oducts. Furthermore when it comes to scale up with airlifted Fermenters it can be difficult to alter stirring rates making it difficult to deal with important rheological changes and foaming. This is where mechanically agitated Fermenters are favoured. Also air lifted Fermenters are less flexible than mechanically agitated systems as Aeration is responsible for homogenization. Energy use and Cost Mechanical agitators use more energy have moving parts, seals and are more expensive to run than airlift fermenters. The main benefit of air-lift Fermenters over mechanical agitators is that they can be constructed at much greater reactor volumes air-lift Fermenters can be built at volumes of several thousands cubic meters while mechanical operated agitators can be scaled up to a maximum of 800-1500 m3 (Ruitenberg et al 2001) As a consequence of this the investment costs of air-lift Fermenters is significantly lower when compared to mechanically operated agitators of the same capacity. At higher volumes mechanical agitators cause mechanical problems because of the large power requirements of the impeller. Furthermore, scale-up of air-lift Fermenters is much more straight forward than that of mechanical agitated fermenters. Scale-up from a 5 m3 pilot to 1500 m3 and larger is well defined. (Ruitenberg et al 2001) Figure 3 shows the Capital cost comparison of air-lift Fermenters vs. mechanical agitated fermenters. The cost for a mechanically agitated fermenter is defined as 1 for a 1500 m3 tank. The c ost of a 1500 m3 air-lift fermenter is a bit lower than that of the equivalent mechanically agitated fermenter. However, the investment cost follows the 0.6 rule until 6000 m3 is reached. Above 6000 m3, more than one air lift fermenter may need to be used. Another advantage of air-lift fementers over mechanical agitated fermenters is that the oxygen input efficiency is the same or better at considerably lower shear. Additionally Because no moving parts are present in air-lift Fermenters, the costs for maintenance will be lower as compared to mechanically agitated fermenters. The combination of high oxygen input efficiencies and low maintenance costs results in lower operational costs. Shear rates are much lower in air-lift Fermenters than in mechanically agitated fermenters. Low shear rates facilitate growth of biofilms, which can increase the reaction rate. This advantage is thought to be greatest when thermophilic bacteria are used. Because a three-phase settler can be integrated on top of an air-lift fermenter, the solids retention time can be separated from the hydraulic retention time causing biomass retention, (Ruitenberg et al 2001) Conclusion Mechanically agitated Fermenters have been in use since the beginning of the industry however due to changes in demand that comes with time in regards to technology and products needed novel Fermenter ideals were designed and put into fruition the air lift Fermenter is but one. In many ways this air lift agitators have many advantages as was just discussed. References Barker, T. W. and J. T. Worgan (1981). The Application of Air-Lift Fermenters to the Cultivation of Filamentous Fungi. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 13(2): 77-83. Chisti, Y. and U. J. Jauregui-Haza (2002). Oxygen transfer and mixing in mechanically agitated airlift bioreactors. Biochemical Engineering Journal 10(2): 143-153. Fontana, R. C., T. A. Polidoro, et al. (2009). Comparison of stirred tank and airlift bioreactors in the production of polygalacturonases by Aspergillus oryzae. Bioresource Technology 100(19): 4493-4498. Margaritis, A. and J. B. Wallace (1984). Novel Bioreactor Systems and Their Applications. Bio-Technology 2(5): 447-453. Ruitenberg, R., C. E. Schultz, et al. (2001). Bio-oxidation of minerals in air-lift loop bioreactors. International Journal of Mineral Processing 62(1-4): 271-278. Williams, J. A. (2002). Keys to bioreactor selections. Chemical Engineering Progress 98(3): 34-41.

The Human Eye in Space :: essays research papers

Human visual hardware is a result of a billion years of evolution within the earths atmosphere where light is scattered by molecules of air, moisture, particular matter etc. However as we ascend into our atmosphere with decrease density, light distribution is changed resulting in our visual hardware receiving visual data in different format. Some Aspects to Consider: 1. Visual acuity is the degree to which the details and contours of objects are perceived. Visual acuity is usually defined in terms of minimum separable.Large variety of factors influence this complex phenomenon which includes : # Optical factors- state of the image forming mechanisms of the eye. # Retinal factors such as the state of the cones. # Stimulus factors such as illumination, brightness of the stimulus, contrast between the stimulus and background, length of time exposed to the stimulus. * Minimum separable: shortest distance by which two lines can be separated and still be perceived as two lines. "During the day, the earth has a predominantly bluish cast..... I could detect individual houses and streets in the low humidity and cloudless areas such as the Himalaya mountain area.... I saw a steam locomotive by seeing the smoke first..... I also saw the wake of a boat on a large river in the Burma-India area... and a bright orange light from the British oil refinery to the south of the city (Perth,Australia.)" The above observation was made by Gordon Cooper in Faith 7 [1963] and which generated much skepticism in the light of the thesis by Muckler and Narvan "Visual Surveillance and Reconnaissance from space vehicles" in which they determined that a visual angle of ten minutes was the operational minimum, and that the minimum resolvable object length [M.R.O.L] at an altitude of 113 miles would be 1730 ft. This limitation of acuity was revised the next year to 0.5 seconds of arc for an extended contrasting line and 15 seconds of arc for minimum separation of two points sharply contrasting with the background. Orbiting at 237 miles in the skylab it was possible to see the entire east coast [Canada to Florida Keys] and resolve details of a 500 feet long bridge based on inference. Of Interest is the fact that even though the mechanical eye [camera systems] can resolve objects greater than fifty times better than the human eye, without the human ability to infer, interpretation of the data is meaningless. Conclusion: Visual acuity in space exceeds that of earth norm when objects with linear extension such as roads, airfields, wake of ships etc. 2. Stereoscopic vision: the perception of two images as one by means of fusing the impressions on both retinas. In space one has to deal with a poverty of reference points.

Attack on America :: essays research papers

Tonya Wood  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   October 4, 2001  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr. Annan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freshman Seminar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Attack On America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was quite saddened by the event that took place on September 11, 2001. An unfortunate tragedy occurred in New York that will go down in history. Two airplanes crashed into the World Trade Center, causing them to collapse, injuring and killing thousands of people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I first learned of the catastrophe, I was in my dorm room asleep because I don’t have classes on Tuesdays. My mom called me and informed me of the horrendous episode and it actually took me a while to realize what happened. But when I turned the television on, everything was clear as day. I saw people falling and jumping out of windows. It was horrific. My initial feelings were hatred toward the culprits behind this cowardly act. I couldn’t comprehend exactly what the purpose of this was proving. I hope and pray that Osama bin Laden and whoever else is responsible for this callous act is given capital punishment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I were in the position to do something I would donate clothing, blood, counseling, and anything else that would assist anyone who needed emotional support. But unfortunately I can’t donate blood because I’ve had body tattoos done recently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My feelings toward the people that live in the Middle East are good nor bad because not all of them can be held responsible and not one individual can be pinpointed. But it is unfortunate for them because even though they are Americans, they are considered as â€Å"one of them† who were involved in this hate crime. It’s quite sad.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s very difficult to say why exactly we were attacked, but I’m sure whoever was responsible for this had more than one motive. I’ve heard numerous reasons and some people think we should attack; others think we should make peace. I personally think that if we don’t fight back and let everything go, we’ll be attacked again. If it takes bombing Afghanistan, then that’s what it takes.

Lab 2.6.2: Using Wireshark

Lab 2. 6. 2: Using Wiresharkâ„ ¢ to View Protocol Data Units Learning Objectives †¢ Be able to explain the purpose of a protocol analyzer (Wireshark). †¢ Be able to perform basic PDU capture using Wireshark. †¢ Be able to perform basic PDU analysis on straightforward network data traffic. †¢ Experiment with Wireshark features and options such as PDU capture and display filtering. Background Wireshark is a software protocol analyzer, or â€Å"packet sniffer† application, used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and protocol development, and education. Before June 2006, Wireshark was known as Ethereal.A packet sniffer (also known as a network analyzer or protocol analyzer) is computer software that can intercept and log data traffic passing over a data network. As data streams travel back and forth over the network, the sniffer â€Å"captures† each protocol data unit (PDU) and can decode and analyze its content according to the appropria te RFC or other specifications. Wireshark is programmed to recognize the structure of different network protocols. This enables it to display the encapsulation and individual fields of a PDU and interpret their meaning.It is a useful tool for anyone working with networks and can be used with most labs in the CCNA courses for data analysis and troubleshooting. For information and to download the program go to – http://www. Wireshark. org Scenario To capture PDUs the computer on which Wireshark is installed must have a working connection to the network and Wireshark must be running before any data can be captured. When Wireshark is launched, the screen below is displayed. [pic] To start data capture it is first necessary to go to the Capture menu and select the Options choice.The Options dialog provides a range of settings and filters which determines which and how much data traffic is captured. [pic] First, it is necessary to ensure that Wireshark is set to monitor the correct interface. From the Interface drop down list, select the network adapter in use. Typically, for a computer this will be the connected Ethernet Adapter. Then other Options can be set. Among those available in Capture Options, the two highlighted below are worth examination. [pic] Setting Wireshark to capture packets in promiscuous modeIf this feature is NOT checked, only PDUs destined for this computer will be captured. If this feature is checked, all PDUs destined for this computer AND all those detected by the computer NIC on the same network segment (i. e. , those that â€Å"pass by† the NIC but are not destined for the computer) are captured. Note: The capturing of these other PDUs depends on the intermediary device connecting the end device computers on this network. As you use different intermediary devices (hubs, switches, routers) throughout these courses, you will experience the different Wireshark results.Setting Wireshark for network name resolution This option all ows you to control whether or not Wireshark translates network addresses found in PDUs into names. Although this is a useful feature, the name resolution process may add extra PDUs to your captured data perhaps distorting the analysis. There are also a number of other capture filtering and process settings available. Clicking on the Start button starts the data capture process and a message box displays the progress of this process. [pic] As data PDUs are captured, the types and number are indicated in the message box pic][pic] The examples above show the capture of a ping process and then accessing a web page. When the Stop button is clicked, the capture process is terminated and the main screen is displayed. This main display window of Wireshark has three panes. [pic] The PDU (or Packet) List Pane at the top of the diagram displays a summary of each packet captured. By clicking on packets in this pane, you control what is displayed in the other two panes. The PDU (or Packet) Detai ls Pane in the middle of the diagram displays the packet selected in the Packet List Pane in more detail.The PDU (or Packet) Bytes Pane at the bottom of the diagram displays the actual data (in hexadecimal form representing the actual binary) from the packet selected in the Packet List Pane, and highlights the field selected in the Packet Details Pane. Each line in the Packet List corresponds to one PDU or packet of the captured data. If you select a line in this pane, more details will be displayed in the â€Å"Packet Details† and â€Å"Packet Bytes† panes. The example above shows the PDUs captured when the ping utility was used and http://www. Wireshark. org was accessed. Packet number 1 is selected in this pane.The Packet Details pane shows the current packet (selected in the â€Å"Packet List† pane) in a more detailed form. This pane shows the protocols and protocol fields of the selected packet. The protocols and fields of the packet are displayed using a t ree, which can be expanded and collapsed. The Packet Bytes pane shows the data of the current packet (selected in the â€Å"Packet List† pane) in what is known as â€Å"hexdump† style. In this lab, this pane will not be examined in detail. However, when a more in-depth analysis is required this displayed information is useful for examining the binary values and content of PDUs.The information captured for the data PDUs can be saved in a file. This file can then be opened in Wireshark for analysis some time in the future without the need to re-capture the same data traffic again. The information displayed when a capture file is opened is the same as the original capture. When closing a data capture screen or exiting Wireshark you are prompted to save the captured PDUs. [pic] Clicking on Continue without Saving closes the file or exits Wireshark without saving the displayed captured data. Task 1: Ping PDU CaptureStep 1: After ensuring that the standard lab topology and c onfiguration is correct, launch Wireshark on a computer in a lab pod. Set the Capture Options as described above in the overview and start the capture process. From the command line of the computer, ping the IP address of another network connected and powered on end device on in the lab topology. In this case, ping the Eagle Server at using the command ping 192. 168. 254. 254. After receiving the successful replies to the ping in the command line window, stop the packet capture. Step 2: Examine the Packet List pane.The Packet List pane on Wireshark should now look something like this: [pic] Look at the packets listed above; we are interested in packet numbers 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14 and 15. Locate the equivalent packets on the packet list on your computer. If you performed Step 1A above match the messages displayed in the command line window when the ping was issued with the six packets captured by Wireshark. From the Wireshark Packet List answer the following: What protocol is used by ping? _icmp_____________________________ What is the full protocol name? _____________________________ What are the names of the two ping messages? __echo ping requet, echo ping reply _____________________________________________________________________ Are the listed source and destination IP addresses what you expected? Yes / No Why? _no. frst time using wireshark. Results are amazing______________________ Step 3: Select (highlight) the first echo request packet on the list with the mouse. The Packet Detail pane will now display something similar to: [pic] Click on each of the four â€Å"+† to expand the information.The packet Detail Pane will now be similar to: [pic] As you can see, the details for each section and protocol can be expanded further. Spend some time scrolling through this information. At this stage of the course, you may not fully understand the information displayed but make a note of the information you do recognize. Locate the two different types of â €˜Source† and â€Å"Destination†. Why are there two types? __________________________________________________________________ What protocols are in the Ethernet frame? ____________________________________________________________As you select a line in the Packets Detail pane all or part of the information in the Packet Bytes pane also becomes highlighted. For example, if the second line (+ Ethernet II) is highlighted in the Details pane the Bytes pane now highlights the corresponding values. [pic] This shows the particular binary values that represent that information in the PDU. At this stage of the course, it is not necessary to understand this information in detail. Step 4: Go to the File menu and select Close. Click on Continue without Saving when this message box appears. [pic]Task 2: FTP PDU Capture Step 1: Start packet capture. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark. At the command line on your computer running Wireshark, enter ftp 192. 168. 254. 254 When the connection is established, enter anonymous as the user without a password. Userid: anonymous Password: You may alternatively use login with userid cisco and with password cisco. When successfully logged in enter get /pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe and press the enter key .This will start downloading the file from the ftp server. The output will look similar to: C:Documents and Settingsccna1>ftp eagle-server. example. com Connected to eagle-server. example. com. 220 Welcome to the eagle-server FTP service. User (eagle-server. example. com:(none)): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. ftp> get /pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe (6967072 bytes). 26 File send OK. ftp: 69 67072 bytes received in 0. 59Seconds 11729. 08Kbytes/sec. When the file download is complete enter quit ftp> quit 221 Goodbye. C:Documents and Settingsccna1> When the file has successfully downloaded, stop the PDU capture in Wireshark. Step 2: Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and note those PDUs associated with the file download. These will be the PDUs from the Layer 4 protocol TCP and the Layer 7 protocol FTP. Identify the three groups of PDUs associated with the file transfer.If you performed the step above, match the packets with the messages and prompts in the FTP command line window. The first group is associated with the â€Å"connection† phase and logging into the server. List examples of messages exchanged in this phase. ___________________________________________________________________ Locate and list examples of messages exchanged in the second phase that is the actual download request and the data trans fer. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________The third group of PDUs relate to logging out and â€Å"breaking the connection†. List examples of messages exchanged during this process. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Locate recurring TCP exchanges throughout the FTP process. What feature of TCP does this indicate? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Step 3: Examine Packet Details. Select (highlight) a packet on the list associated with the first phase of the FTP process.View the packet details in the Details pane. What are the protocols encapsulated in the frame? ___________________________________________________________________ Highlight the packets containing the user name and passw ord. Examine the highlighted portion in the Packet Byte pane. What does this say about the security of this FTP login process? ___________________________________________________________________ Highlight a packet associated with the second phase. From any pane, locate the packet containing the file name. The filename is: ______________________________Highlight a packet containing the actual file content – note the plain text visible in the Byte pane. Highlight and examine, in the Details and Byte panes, some packets exchanged in the third phase of the file download. What features distinguish the content of these packets? ___________________________________________________________________ When finished, close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 3: HTTP PDU Capture Step 1: Start packet capture. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark.Note: Capture Options do not have to be set if continuing from previous steps of this lab. Launch a web browser on the computer that is running Wireshark. Enter the URL of the Eagle Server of example. com or enter the IP address-192. 168. 254. 254. When the webpage has fully downloaded, stop the Wireshark packet capture. Step 2: Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and identify the TCP and HTTP packets associated with the webpage download. Note the similarity between this message exchange and the FTP exchange.Step 3: In the Packet List pane, highlight an HTTP packet that has the notation â€Å"(text/html)† in the Info column. In the Packet Detail pane click on the â€Å"+† next to â€Å"Line-based text data: html† When this information expands what is displayed? ___________________________________________________________________ Examine the highlighted portion of the Byte Panel. This shows the HTML data carried by the packet. When finished close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 4: Reflection Consider the encapsulation information pertaining to captured network data Wireshark can provide.Relate this to the OSI and TCP/IP layer models. It is important that you can recognize and link both the protocols represented and the protocol layer and encapsulation types of the models with the information provided by Wireshark. Task 5: Challenge Discuss how you could use a protocol analyzer such as Wireshark to: (1)Troubleshoot the failure of a webpage to download successfully to a browser on a computer. and (2)Identify data traffic on a network that is requested by users. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Task 6: Cleanup Unless instructed otherwise by your instructor, exit Wireshark and properly shutdown the computer. ———————– Packet List Pane Packet Details Pane Packets Bytes Pane

Ethical Actions Essay

Was there anything in either the University Of phoenix Student statute Of Conduct or the Student encipher of Academic fair play that impress you? If so, what was it? Why were you surprised? If not, why not?There was nothing that surprised me about the University Of genus Phoenix Student Code Of Conduct or the Student Code of Academic Integrity. I feel that it is authorized to hand rules and regulations that are apply to obtain the faculty staff and students unhazardous and overly provide us with a safe environment to learn. By insuring that these rules are enforced and imposing strict penalties for those that do not comply with these rules the University of Phoenix sets an example of integrity and equality.What did you learn about the fashions considered important for an unspoiled scholarly person or student in the University of Phoenix culture community?I learned that the behaviors considered important for an ethical scholar or student in the University of Phoenix learning community is that be honest truly is the best policy being truthful within ourselves and with each other is an important ethical mission that a disruptive learning environment locoweed make people uncomfortable and block off our academics. Our different cultures and individualities should not become a factor in how we treat and/or respect each other. Rules are dumbfound in place at the University to enjoin us that we are able to to the full become involved in the learning process. Being open-minded and listening to what others have to say is also an important human face of respect. I learned that the ethical learners behavior deals with us being honest and as well as our character and how we be it to the world. Our behavior as an ethical learner also deals with our values and actions that we show either day.

Do Genes Determine Character Traits

Character Traits Determined Genetically? Genes whitethorn Hold the Key to a heart of Success, Study Suggests. I Introduction Do genes distinguish our personality traits or is it plain environment, and upbringing that exacts us who we are? Psychologists at the University of Edinburgh incur disc everyplaceed that genes may track down a greater role in forming character traits than they were thought to before. Things such as self-control, decision-making or sociability could be much spirit than nurture. II BackgroundThe debate of reputation vs. genteelness has been a widely argued field among psychologists for more than a century. Both opinions of the nature vs. nurture debate have been examined among exploreers and a great amount of research has been found, exclusively no clear conclusions of whether it is one or the other. We have always thought of genes distinguishing your natural features such as eye color, sensory hair color, height, etc. , further can genes dra matic play more of a role in your personality than scientists thought? III ExperimentIn this study, more than 800 sets of twins, mostly age 50 and over were tested by a method acting of asking a series of questions to chatter how they viewed themselves and others. The questions that were asked included questions handle Are you influenced by mass with strong opinions? and Are you scotch about your achievements in life? The answers to these questions were hence compared with the Ryff mental Well-Being Scale. This scale is a Self-perceived quality-of-life scale that is used as a psychological assessment instrument.It is based on a comprehensive theory of the Self-Perceived timber of Life and provides a multi-faceted measurement of health-related and non-health-related aspects of well-being. The psychologists found that genetics were more influential in shaping primaeval traits than a persons billet environment and surroundings. They also found done this study that genes aff ected a persons signified of purpose, how well they get along with people and their ability to continue learning and maturation by means of out their own lives.The research team for this study found that the undistinguishable twins whos DNA was precisely the same were more likely to persona traits compared with non-identical twins. These chance uponings are significant be lay down, the stronger the genetic link, the more common it is that these character traits are carried through a family. These results also can make a link of epigenetics and the influence epigenetics have on generations. IV Reflection disposition vs. nurture and the study of genes has been the one upshot that has most interested me throughout this class.I find genes and epigenetics fascinating therefore I chose to do my paper on this firearmicular topic. This word expresses many aspects of genes and DNA that we went over non only in lab scarcely in lecture as well. environment plays a key role in the way we personally grow and develop, but genes and epigenetics carry a large part as well. People dont always realize that genes can cause personality. We have always been taught that genes distinguish things like hair and eye color, and I olfactory property this article shows that genetics is important in all aspects of creating an individual.V Sources University of Edinburgh (2012, May 16). Character traits inflexible genetically? Genes may hold the key to a life of success, study suggests. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http//www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2012/05/120516115903. htm The Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being by Tricia A. Seifert, University of Iowa http//www. liberalarts. wabash. edu/ryff-scales/ Nature Nurture in Psychology by capital of Minnesota McLeod published 2007 * http//www. simplypsychology. org/naturevsnurture. html

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

Why and how do we conduct big business research? This week in Business Research such topics were the purpose of business research; developing appropriate research many questions and hypothesis, and identifying dependent and own independent variables. Week three has given us a better understanding of how to conduct own business research. There are several purposes for own business research. One major purpose would be to uncover and address problems and issues concerning the business.Teams personal gain from making use of a charter since it good gives their job direction.Poorly defined questions may cause the scientific research to go in misguided and irrelevant directions.Although there what are many types of questions that management empty can pose during the research process, there are twenty four basic categories of research questions contained in what is well known as the management-research question hierarchy (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). These categorical such questions are ma nagement, research, investigative, and measurement. Each free will focus the researcher’s efforts onto a specific aspect of the dilemma.Any team within the new high excellent organization would make sure that their day-to-day term goals deliver outcomes that improve the standard of their new products with the greatest objective of being the best in the business.

There are four types of hypotheses. They are descriptive, correlational, explanatory, and relational. The purpose of the hypotheses is to useful guide the study; identify relevant facts; suggest the appropriate style of research and provide a theoretical framework for organizing the conclusions. Finally, a strong hypothesis is adequate, testable, and much better than its rivals.Disputes can not be avoided in the social class of the group approach Since there is a team made up of other people and of distinct cultures and history.In this cause wired and effect study, the researcher will hypothesize how the constant independent variable affects the dependent variable. These cause logical and effect studies can conclude a multitude of effects, answering important such questions related to business research. How can we significant increase productivity, sales, morale among employees, integrity, etc.?How best can we reduce fraud, waste, loss, etc.Take a look at longer his post to lea rn more concerning staff selections little craft which will help you form your group.

Teams wonder about their degree of authority.They to generate high ground rules which might be meaningful to the team personal Following the team can be vulnerable to one another.Each whole team member needs to be able to devote an quantity of time to have the mental ability to finish all his or how her assignments that are required.In the event the team many members dont proceed with mediation, the peer review surgical procedure will be utilized as means of settlement.

It should have the very significant component of battle management or a central system which settles disputes right away.It is a frequent understanding of how a entire team gets its work done.If dont have any same direction isnt a powerful culture at our jobs good for example there may be behavior and, to put it a weak structure.A team environment is important unlooked for the teams achievement.